Refrigerating apparatus



May 19; 1925.

J. G. DE REMER REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Original Filed Feb. '23, 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTQR =16 17:. [2mm 4 WITNESS flfm M11: @aajfiaw i /(Truman v May 19, 1325.

J. 6. DE Q E-MER REFRIGERATING APPARAIIUS Original Filed Feb. 25, 1921 s Sheets-She ef 3 WITNESS INVENTOR I6. Pe Kemei" B W' Q MM ATTORNEYS J. G. DE REMER nnmmnm'rms APPARATUS May 19, 1925.r

Original Filed Feb. 23, 1921 3 Shets-Sheec 5 r I I WITNESS v INVENTOR 1C1. DE Rimm.

' $4 ATTORNEi S Patented May 19, 1925.

UNITED STATES 1 1,537,932 PATENT ounce.

JAY GRANT DE REMER, or GREENWICI-I, connno'rrour, assreno-u 'ro SAVAGE-n REMER oonrouerron, ACORPORATION' or NEW YORK. 4

:aurmonnarmehrrasarus.

Application filed February 23, 1921, Serial No. 447,265. Renewed July 23, 1924.

To all whom it-mag/ concern: Be it known that I, JAY GRANT Du Rn- MER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Greenwich,-Fairfleld County, State of "Connecticut. have invented a certain new and useful Refrigerating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification. The invention relates to refrigerating apparatus in which separate bodies of refrigerant fluid are compressed by the action of" separate bodies of propelling liquid and in' which the expansion of the compressed refrigerant fluid is controlled to accomplish ment of the propelling liquid from one element to the other, so that a proper amount of propelling liquid is contained in the compressor element and a proper amount of sealing liquid is contained in the evaporator element. I

The invention possesses other advantageous features, some of which, with the foregoing, will be set forth at length in the following description, where I shall outhne in full; that form of the invention which I have selected for illustration in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the present specification. In said drawings, I .iave shown one specific embodiment of my invention, but it is to be understood that I do not limit myself to such form, since the invention, asexpressed in the claims, may

beembodied in a plurality offorrns.

While the subject matter of the invention is capable of use in various ways and arts, it is particularly adapted for use with refrigerating apparatus and in the accompanyingdrawings I have shown it embodied in a refrigerating apparatus. Foruse in connection with small household refrigerating systems, the invention presents many advantages. The propelling liquid and refrigerant fluid are caused to travel through continuously closed paths, so that there is '7 no danger of loss due to leakage or wasting and there is no chance of the refrig- 'erant fluid escaping and creating fumes that compressed refrigerant fluid is controlled by a body of the propelling liquid acting .as a scaling liquid and forming a liquid seal or expans'ionvalve. The fluid is compressed and cooled 111 a chamber or conduit which is thermally insulated from'the 'cham her in which the expansion element is dis: posed, and the compressor unit is either in free access to the external air or 1s subjected to a cooling fluid to remove the heat of compression and vaporization. The expansion element may be enclosed in a refrigerator or in a thermally insulated compartment through which brine or other liquid is circulated.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is'an elevation of the refrigerating apparatus of my invention in its environments, the enclosing housing and portions of the driving mechanism being shown in section.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the apparatus.

Fig. 3 is'a longitudinal section on a larger scale through the evaporator element.

Fig. 4: is a longitudinal section on the same scale, through the compressor element. I

Fig. 5 isa cross section, on an enlarged scale, taken on the line 5 5, Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a section taken on the line 66, Fig. 2.

The apparatus comprises a compressor element and an evaporator element preferably connected together by a communi-. cating tube. The compressor element comprises ashell or casing 2 preferably metallic, which is closed at the ends by the caps 3%. Within the casing 2 is arranged a helical passage or conduit 5, which is coaxial with the casing and which is prefer-' ably gradually reduced in cross section,

no I

from its inlet end, which opens into the low pressure chamber 6, to its outlet end, which opens into the high pressure chamber 7. The helical'passage 5, which is prefererably of gradually decreasing volume per turn, is preferably formed by a peripheralv helical groove or thread on the tubular body 8, which fits tightly within the casing 2 and which is spaced from the end caps 31 to provide the chambers 6 and 7. In

practice it is preferable to provide two such is of less diameter than the bore in the body,

so that an annular chamber 10 is formed. Disposed in this chamber and forming a tight joint with the body and with theconduit 9 is a screw or helix 12 which is pitched in the same direction as the helix 5. The function of the helix 12 will be hereinafter set forth. The cap 4 is provided with an axial cylindrical extension 13, and a conduit or pipe 14 secured to the conduit 9 and forming a continuation thereof, extends well into the extension 13, the internal diameter of which is greater than the external diameter of the conduit 14:. Surrounding the easing 2, is a refrigerant fluid cooling tube 15, the intake end 16 of which extends through the chamber 6 into the tube 9 and passes through the wall thereof, opening into the chamber 10. The cooling tube 15 is coiled around the casing from the low pressure toward the high pressure end in the same pitch direction as the helix 5 and is coiled back toward the low pressure end in the opposite pitch direction. The cooled compressed refrigerant fluid discharges from the coil 15 through the tube 17 to the liquid seal or expansion valve in the evaporator ele- -ment.

The compressor and evaporator elements are connected by a pipe or conduit 18, which at one end is secured to and passes through the cap 3 and which at its other end is secured to and passes through the end cap 19 of the evaporator casing 21, surrounding which is the evaporator coil 22 which opens at its intake end 23 into the evaporator casing. Secured to and forming an extension of the pipe 18 is a seal tube 24, which extends through and is secured to the end cap 25 of the casing 21 and which is closed at its outer end. The compressed refrigerant fluid tube 17 extends into the seal tube 24 to adjacent its closed end, and the tube 17 is closed at its end and is provided with a discharge aperture 26, which is spaced inwardly from the closed end of the tube 17. The compressed refrigerant fluid discharging through the aperture 26 passes inwardly through the seal tube 2& and discharges therefrom through the apertures 27 into the annular chamber 28 formed between the cylindrical skirt 29, which is secured to the seal tube by the impervious ring 31, and the seal tube 24 and thence passes into the evap'- orator chamber 32 and in Fig. 2 I have shown the approximate position of the liquid refrigerant fluid in this chamber, during the operation of the apparatus. From the evaporator chamber, the compressed refrigerant fluid, passes through the evaporator coil 22, the discharge end 3 3 of which enters the pipe 18 and passes through the partition wall 34 therein, discharging the liquid and gaseous refrigerant fluid into the seal tube,

whence it again passes through the aper-' tures 27 into the chamber 32. The liquid portion of the refrigerant fluid is recirculated through the evaporator coil 22 and the,

gaseous portion passes through the apertures 35 into the pipe 18 and thence into the low pressure chamber 6 of 'the compressor element, to be again compressed.

I have found that in operating the apparatus. an excess amount of propelling liquid may be present in the evaporator element, due to the flow of propelling liquid'into the evaporator element when the apparatus is at rest .with the evaporator element depressed below the compressor element or due to other features of operation. To prevent an excessive amount of propelling liquid from passing from the low pressure chamber 6 to the evaporator when the apparatus is at rest, or when it is rotating slowly at starting or stopping, the pipe 18 extends into the chamber 6. forming an annular cup in which the liquid is held: Liquid flowing bafiie plate 36 overlying the open end of the pipe 18. An excess of propelling liquid in the evaporator element is accompanied by a deficiency of propelling. liquid in the compressor element and I have provided means for returning such excess of propel: ling liquid to the compressor element. Disposed in the seal tube 24 and extending to substantially the outer end thereof, is an open end tube 37 which turns outward from the seal tube at the line of the normal level of the sealing liquid in the seal tube. The tube 37 is connected to a propelling coil 38 arranged in the casing 21 which coil is pitched in the same direction. as the helix 5. Propelling liquid entering the coil 38 is carried through the turns thereof into the tube 39 disposed in the pipe 18 and opening on the compressor side of the center of rotation of the apparatus, so that any excess pro elling liquid in the seal tube is returne to the low pressure chamber 6. The tube 37 is provided within the casing 21 with a vent from discharging into the pipe 18 by a tube 41, opening toward the center of rotation-of the apparatus,.to establish communication between the coil 38 and the interior of the casing 21, so that the passage of propelling liquid through the coil 38 will not produce a lowering of pressure in the tube 37 and thereby cause undue amounts of propelling liquid to be withdrawn from the seal tube. A baflie wall in the casing 21 operates to prevent the liquid refrigerant fluid in the chamber 32 from contacting with and being agitated by the coil 38, thereby greatly lessening the possibility of entrain ment of particles of liquid refrigerant in the discharging stream of gaseous refrigerant.

The compressor and evaporator elements are rigidly connected together in the present case by the pipe 18, forming a single unit, which is adapted to be bodily rotated about the axis of the shaft 42. The shaft 42 may be disposed horizontally or vertically and in the present construction I have shown it horizontally disposed. The compressor-expansion unit is held at a considerable angle to the axis of the shaft 42, the angle in the illustrated embodiment being 40 so that all parts of the apparatus move in circular paths about the axis, which intersects the pipe 18 substantially midway between the compressor and evaporator. The shaft 42 is bent from its axis where the two axes intersect, to permit the shaft to pass the pipe.

The compressor-evaporator unit is supported at its opposite ends in bearings disposed in the sockets 4344, formed on the opposite ends of the counter-balanced arms 4546, which are secured to the shaft 42. The shaft 42 is rotated at any suitable speed, for example 350 revolutions per minute, by a suitable motor 47 provided with a pinion 48 meshing with a gear 49 on the shaft. Means are provided for rotating the compressor-evaporator unit on its axis, but it is not essential to the operation of the apparatus that there be apparent rotation of the unit on its axis. lVhen the speed of rotation of the unit about the shaft 42 is numerically equal to the speed of rotation of the unit on its own axis; there is no apparent rotation of the unit and a mark on one side of the unit will always be visible from an external point of vision during the operation of the. apparatus; Secured to a fixed support, so that it is non-rotatable, is a bevel gear 51 through which the shaft 42 passes. Journaled in the arm 46, which is hollow, is a shaft 52 provided at one end with a gear 53 meshing with gear 51 and at its other end with a gear 54 meshing with a gear 55 secured to the extension 13 of the cap 4.

The compressor-evaporator unit is thus si-' multaneously rotated on its ownaxis and rotated about the axis of the shaft 42. I have obtained good results with the shaft 42 rotating at 350 revolutions per minute and the unit rotating at 550 revolutions per minute in its bearings. The direction of rotation of the shaft and the unlt may be the same or 1n opposite directions, and iii the present construction the rotation of the shaft is counter-clockwise and the rotation of the unit is clockwise, so that the apparent rotation of the unit is 200'revolutions per minute. .The compressor element is provided on its end with a guard 56 and a deflecting flange 57 to prevent the entry of extraneous material into the bearing in the socket 44 and the evaporator element is similarly provided with a guard 58 to prevent the entry of material into the bearing in the socket 43.

The compressor unit is disposed in achamber 61, which in the present embodiment is provided with means for removing the heat of compression from the compressor unit. Arranged in the chamber above the unit is a distributing head 62 from which water drops onto the cooling coil 15 and this water discharges from the chamber through the outlet conduit 63. The evaporator unit is disposed in a chamber 64, lined with sheet metal 66 and surrounded with heat insulating material 65. The pipe 18 extends,

through the heat insulating wall 67 separat permit the passage of the pipe. In the present arrangement brine or othersimilar liquid is circulated through the chamber 64 to a cooling coil 71 disposed in the compartment to be cooled. but it is to be understood that the chamber 64 may be in direct air circulating communication with the compart ment to be cooled, when desired. In the present arrangement, the brine is drawn from the chamber 64 by the pump 7 2 driven from the shaft 42, andforced through the.

coil 71 to the distributor head 7 3 arranged in the upper part of the chamber 64 from -which the brine falls onto the evaporator coil 22.

The apparatus is suitably charged with propelling liquid, which is preferably men cury, and with the refrigerant fluid. which is preferably sulphur dioxide. although other suitable refrigerant fluids may be employed. During the-operation of the apparatus, the refrigerant fluid is compressed and cooled to 1i uid form in the compressor and is introducdil in itiis evaporated to gaseous form, 1n which form it is rQurned to the compressor to be again compressed. The compressor and the into theevaporator where-.

evaporator are each charged with mercury, the mercury in the compressor'serving as the propelling liquid and the mercury in the evaporator serving as a sealing liquid or as an expansion valve. The amount of mercury introduced is sufficient to fill the seal tube 24 to the point at which the tube 37 passes out from the seal tube, to fill the tubes 9 and 14, to substantially half fill the helical grooves 5 and to partly fill the chambers 6 and 7-. Vith the apparatus in operation and rotating about the shaft 42, centrifugal force causes the mercury to assume the positions indicated in Fig. 2, which indication shows substantially the proper charge of mercury in the apparatus; It is apparent that the greater the radial displacement of the mercury, the greater will be the pressure exerted by it. Sufficient refrigerant fluid is charged into the apparatus ,to insure a supply of liquid refrigerant in the chamber 32 and a supply of gaseous refrigerant in the low pressure chamber 6. As the apparatus moves about its axis, separate masses of mercury and refrigerant fluid will, under the action of centrifugal force, alternately enter the passage 5 from the low pressure chamber 6 and the mercury will act to compress the intermediate bodies of refrigerant fluid in the passage; The compressed'refrigerant fluid and mercury will discharge from the passage 5 into the high pressure chamber 7', wherein the mercury is separated. from the refrigerant fluid. The mercury, under the pressure developed in the passage 5, passes outwardly in the extension 13 and back through the tubes 14 and 9 to the low pressure chamber 6, wherein it is again picked up in separate bodies, by the passage 5. The extension 13, with the tube 14 extending into it, forms a .seal which prevents the compressed refrigerant from passing into the tube 14. v

By rotating the compressor element on its own axis, as well as about the axis of the shaft 42, a definite volume of refrigerant fluid will be compressed in a given time. By varying the rate of rotation ofthe unit on its axis, the volume of refrigerant fluid compressed is varied. Thus,.the speed of rotation of the shaft 42 determines the pressure that the apparatus will produce, and the speed of rotation of the compressor on its own axis determines the volume of fluid that will be compressed in a given time. The compressor may be constructed so that it has no apparent rotation on its own axis, and in that event the pressure and volume are both determined by the speed of the shaft.

The compressed; refrigerant fluid, which may be in gaseous or liquid form, is separated from the mercury in the high pressure chamber 7 and is moved inwardly by the pressure in said chamber, through the an- ,nular passage 10 in which the screw 12 is disposed and passes into the tube 16 and thence into the condenser tube 15. The gas is condensed in the condenser coil, which rapidly radiates the released heat of vaporization and compression of the refrigerant to the air or water spray in which the condenser coil moves. Due to the pressure produced in the chamber 7 and the rotation movement of the apparatus, the condensed refrigerant fluid is propelled through the condensing coil and is forced into the evaporator and through the tube 17, which extends to the outer end of the seal tube 24. The compressed refrigerant discharges from the tube 17 through the aperture 26 formed in the side thereof and spaced somewhat from the end of the tube. ,The seal tube is filled with mercury up to the point at which the tube 37 passes out in the seal tube, but the pressure produced in the compressor is greater than the pressure limit of .the mercury seal, and this excess of pressure limit of the compressor over the pressure limit of the seal, is always available to discharge the condensed refrigerant through the aper ture 26. The discharging refrigerant fluid bubbles inwardly through the mercury in the seal tube and discharges from the seal tube through the apertures 27 into the chamber 82, whence it passes through the evaporator coil 22 as has been heretofore described. The refrigerant fluid is thus exposed to the surface of the evaporator coil, through which .heat is absorbed from the surrounding air or from the contacting brine, vaporizing the fluid or a portion thereof.

When the apparatus is at rest, mercury will enter the chamber 10 and on starting the apparatus there is a tendency for some of the mercury to enter the tube 16 and be conveyed to the evaporator element. To

prevent the loss from the compressor of an undesirable amount of mercury, when starting the machine I have introduced the helix 12 into the chamber 10. This helix 12 is pitched in the same direction as the helix 5 and when the machine is started up, causes the mercury in the chamber 10 to be carried to the high pressure chamber 7 It has been found by experience, that this type of compressor, when not provided with this helix 12, or its equivalent, may occasionally, on starting, pass an undesirable quantity of mercury out through the tube 16 and into the condensing coil 15. WVhile a small quantity of mercury may with advantage be circulated through the condenser coil-and into the evaporator seal tube, thus insuring that i the seal tube is properly filled each time the machine is operated, yet, should too much of the [mercury be so circulated, the result may be 'a shortage of mercury in the low pressure chamber 6 of the compressor, ,to the extent that the pressure may-not build up. I It has been found that this action can -be completely controlled by reversing the pitch of one or more turns at the initial end of the compressor coil 15, but the helix 1: here described is more suitable and serves the additional function of reducing the weight of the apparatus, by permitting the chamber 10 to be made larger, thus removing more metal from the element 8.

The helix 12 is preferably so designed and proportioned that it will permit the passage over to the seal tube, of a small quantity of mercury, each time the machine is started, thereby retaining the insurance of sufficient mercury in the seal tube to give the same maximum pressure and to keep the machine in mechanical balance at operating speeds.

Should the apparatus stop with the evaporator unit above the compressor unit, the mercury in the seal tube 24 would flow therefrom through the apertures 27 and the vent tube 41 into the casing 21 and the construction shown operates to return this mercury to the seal tube when the machine is started. The mercury in the chamber 32 is moved by the centrifugal force due to rotation of the element, through the evaporator coil 22 and discharged back into the, seal tube through the tube 33.

Means are also provided for maintaining the pressure of the mercury in the seal tube at a predetermined maximumwhich is determined by the point at which the tube 37 passes out from the seal tube. When the mercury rises in this tube above this point, the excess passes into the coil 38, is propelled therethrough and into the tube 39 which conveys it back to the low pressure chamber 6 in the compressor. Condensed refrigerant is prevented from entering the tube 37 by extending the inlet end thereof outwardly beyond the condensed refrigerant discharge aperture 26. The coil 88, which I havetermed the eliminator coil, since its function is to remove excess mercury from the seal tube and return it to the low pressure chamber, is provided with a vent tube 41 ab its inlet end, which insures the same pressures at the surfaces of the mercury in the seal tube and in the tube 37. The tube 41 also acts as a vacuum break, to prevent the passage of a mass of mercury through the eliminator coil, from creating a vacuum and thus drawing more mercurythrough the tube 37. At all other times than when discharging surplus mercurv. the eliminator coil is empty of all fluids except the low pressure vapor of the refrigerant fluid.

It is to be understood that two or more units may be arranged on a single shaft, the units being inclined at a suitable angle to the axis of the shaft.

I claim:

1. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination with a tube adapted to be rotated about an axis at an angle to the axis of the tube, of a quantity of liquid in said tube adapted to exert pressure on the end of the tube remote from the axis of rotation during rotation of the tube about said axis of rotation, a second tube disposed within said first tube and opening in said liquid and passing from said first tube at a point closer to said axis of rotation than its open end and being formed into a helix externally of said first tube.

2. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination with a tube adapted to be rotated about an axis at anangle to the axis of. the tube, of a quantity of liquid in said tube adapted to exert pressure on the end of the tube remote from the axis of rotation during rotation of the tube about said axis of rotation, a second tube disposed within said first tube and opening in said liquid and passing from said first tube at a point closer to said axis of rotation than its open end and being formed into a helix externally'of said first tube, and a vent opening into said second tube externally of said first tube.

3. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination with a tube adapted to be rotated about an axis at an angle to the axis of the tube, of a quantity of liquid in said tube adapted to exert pressure on the end of the tube remote from the axis of rotation during rotation of the tube about said axis of passing from said first tube at a point closer to said axis of rotation than its openend and being formed into a helix externally of said first tube, and a vent tube parallel with said first tube and extending toward said axis of rotation opening into said second tube externally of said first tube.

4-. Ina refrigerating apparatus, the combination with a tube adapted to be rotated about an axis at an angle to the axis of the tube, of a quantity of liquid in said tube adapted to exert pressure on the end of the tube remote from the axis of rotation during rotation of the tube about said axis of rotation, a second tube disposed within said first tube and opening in said liquid and passing from said first tube at a point closer to said axis of rotation than its open end and being formed into a helix externally of said first tube, and a tube connected to the end of said helix andextending-across said axis of rotation.

5. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination with a tube adapted to berotated about an axis at an angle to the axis of the tube, of a quantity of liquid in said tube adapted to exert pressure on the end of thetube remote from the axis of rotation dur-.

ing rotation of the tube about said axis of rotation, a second tube disposed in said first tube and having a discharge opening closer 'chamber.

to the axis of rotation than the remote end of the first tube, means for introducing fluid under pressure into said second tube whereby it discharges through said opening and a third tube opening into the first tube at a point more remote from said axis of rotation than said opening, said third tube pass ing from said first tube at a point closer to the axis of rotation than said opening and a helical tube arranged externally of said first tube and connected to said third tube.

6. In a refrigerating apparatus, an evaporator chamber, a tube arranged within said chamber and containing a liquid seal, means for introducing fluid under pressure into said liquid, said tube being provided with an aperture outside of the liquid seal through which the fluid passes to said chamber, and an evaporator coil receiving fluid from said chamber and returning itto said tube.

7. In a refrigerating apparatus, an evaporator chamber, a tube in said chamber containing a liquid seal, the tube being provided with a discharge aperture opening into said chamber, means for passing fluid under pressure through said seal and through said aperture and means for maintaining the pressure of said liquid seal below a predetermined maximum.

8. Ina refrigerating apparatus, an evaporator chamber, a tube in said chamber containing liquid, means for introducing fluid under pressure into said. liquid below the surface thereof, means for maintaining the depth of said liquid below a predetermined maximum, said tube being provided with apertures to permit said fluid to flow into said chamber and an evaporator coil surrounding said chamber and receiving fluid from and returning it to said chamber.

"9. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination with a fluid compressor, of an evaporator chamber rigidly connected thereto, a conduit connecting the high pressure side of the compressor and said chamber, a helix in said conduit, means for bodily rotating the compressor, evaporatorjchamber and helix and a conduit connecting said chamber with the low pressure side of the compressor.

10. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination of a rotor, comprising a helically formed conduit and two chambers communicating respectively with theends of said conduit, a body of propelling liquid permanently contained withinsaid rotor, means for supplying fluid to be compressed to the chamber at one end of the helix, means for revolving the rotor about an axis extending at an angle to the axis of the helix, a conduit for compressed fluid communicating with the chamber at the other end of the helix and means'in said conduit for returning propelling liquid therein to-said latter 11. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination of a rotor, comprising a helically formed conduit and two chambers communicating respectively with the ends of said conduit, a body of propelling liquid permit nently contained within said rotor, means for supplying fluid to be compressed to thechamber at one end of the helix, means for revolving the rotor about an axis extending at an angle to the axis of the helix, a conduit for compressed fluid communicating with the chamber at the other end of the helix and a helix in said conduit for returning propelling'liquid therein to said latter chamber.

12. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination of a compressor, comprising low pressure and high pressure chambers and an intermediate helically formed conduit, means for revolving said compressor about an axis inclined to the axis of the conduit whereby separated masses of propelling liquid pass through said conduit-compressing intermediate masses of fluid, an evaporator chamber, a conduit connecting the high pressure chamber and the evaporator chamber and means for controlling the passage of propelling liquid through said latter conduit.

18. In a refrigerating apparatus, a casing, a core in said casing having a helical groove and forming with the casing low pressure and high pressure chambers at opposite ends thereof, a charge of propelling liquid and a charge of refrigerant fluid in said casing, said core being provided with a conduit through which propelling liquid passes from the high pressure chamber to the low pressure chamber and with a conduit through which refrigerant fluid passes from the high pressure chamber, and means in said latter conduit operative upon rotation of the casing to cause propelling liquid in said latter conduit to be directed to said high pressure chamber. I

14. In a refrigerating apparatus, a casing rotatable about an axis disposed at an angle to the axis of. the casing, a core in said casing having an external helical groove and forming with the casing high pressure and low pressure chambers at opposite ends thereof, with which chambers said groove communicates, a charge of propelling liquid and a charge of refrigerant fluid in said casing, movable upon rotation of the easing about said axis, in alternate masses through said groove from the low pressure chamber to the higlr pressure chamber. a conduit extending through said core for the return of propelling liquid from the high pressure chamber to thelow pressure chamber, .an annular conduit in said core opening into the high pressure cham-,

her and a helix 1n said annular conduit.

15. In a refrigerating apparatus, a casllu . angle to the axis of the casing, a core in .all

said casing having an external helical groove and forming with the casing high pressureand low pressure chambers at 0pposite ends thereof, with which chambers said groovecommunicates, a charge of propelling liquid and. a charge of refrigerant fluid in said casing, movable upon rotation of the casing about said axis, in alternate masses through said groove, from the low pressure chamber to the high pressure chamber, a conduit extending through said core for the return of propelling liquid from the high-pressure chamber to the low pressure chamber, an annular conduit in said core opening into the high pressure cham her and communicating with the'compr'essed refrigerant fluid therein, an outlet conduit connected to said annularv conduit and a helix in said annular conduit pitched in the same direction as said. helical groove.

16. In a refrigerating apparatus, an evaporator casing adapted to be rotated about an axis inclined to the axis of the casing, a tube in said casing containing sealing liquid and having apertures above the level of the liquid opening into said casing, a tube extending below the surface of said liquid arranged to discharge compressed refrigerant fluid which rises through said liquid and discharges through said apertures into said casing, means including a helical coil in said casing for maintaining the level of the sealing liquid in said tube below apredeterminedmaximum and means in ,the casing for hindering contact of the compressed refrigerant fluid therein with said coil.

17. In a refrigerating apparatus, a com N pressor element, ,an evaporator element, a

tube rigidly connecting said elements and forming a unit, a shaft, arms secured to to said shaft provided on their ends with socketsin which the ends of said unit bear, and means for rotating said shaft.

18. In a refrigerating apparatus, a compressor element, an evaporator element-and a tube rigidly connecting sald elements and forming a unit, a shaft disposedat an angle to the axis of said unit,, diametrically opposed arms secured to said shaft and carrying the ends of said unit and bearings interposed between the arms and the'ends of the unit.

19. Ina refrigerating apparatus, a compressor element, an evaporator element and a tube rigidly connecting said elements and forming a unit, a shaft disposed at an angle to the axis of said unit, arms secured to said shaft in which said, unit is journaled and means on one of said arms for rotating said unit in its bearings. p

20. In refrigerating apparatus, a compressor element, an evaporator element and a tube rigidlyconnecting said elements and forming a unit, a shaft-disposed at an angle to the axis of said unit, arms secured to said shaft in which said unit is journaled, means for rotating said shaft, a fixed gear surrounding said shaft and means disposed in one of said arms and connecting said gear and said unit whereby rotation of the shaft causes rotation of the unit about its axis.

21. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination with a fluid compressor comprising a propelling liquid and having an evaporator rigidly connected thereto forming a unit adapted to be rotated on' an axis at an angle to the axis of the compressor, of helices associated with said compressor and evaporator respectively and adapted to cause delivery of propelling-liquid from one to the other. r

v 22. In a refrigerating apparatus,'the combination with a fluid compressor comprising a propelling liquid and having an evaporator rigidly connected thereto and form-' ing a unit therewith, means for rotating said unit on a horizontal axis inclined to the axis of the compressor and means for automatically returning the propelling liquid from the evaporator to the compressor.

23. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination with a fluid compressor comprising a helical passage containing a propelling liquid and having an evaporator rigidly connected thereto and forming a unit therewith, means for rotating said unit on a horizontal axis inclined to the axis of the compressor helix, a liquid seal for the evaporator, and means for automatically controlling the amount of liquid in said seal and helix.

245. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination of a chamber adapted to contain a quantity of sealing liquid under centrifugal pressure, means for introducing compressed refrigerant. into said liquid againstsaid pressure and means for controlling the level of the sealing liquid in said chamber comprising a'passage communicating therewith at a point more remote from the axis of rotation than the point of introduction of thecompressed refrigerant.

25. In a refrigerating apparatus, a compressor comprising a helical passage adapted to be rotated about an axis at an angle to the axis of the helix, a body of propelling liquid therein, a high pressure chamber receiving said liquid and compressed fluid, areturn conduit for the propelling liquid, a delivery conduit for the compressed fluid and means associated with the latter conduit for discharging liquid therefrom.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set In hand. 7

. y JAY GRANT DE REMER. 

